The Science Behind Happiness: Three Pathways to Become Happier Today

“Are you happy?” Most of us have been asked this at some point in our lives. But what is happiness? That question is not easy to answer. There are moments when we feel it and can answer that we are indeed happy, but even then we are describing a whole spectrum of positive emotions with one word.

This article is going to help you define happiness, understand what it means for you, and show you research-based ways to improve your life and get you closer to being happy.

For a long time there was almost no research dedicated to happiness, well-being, and the feeling of satisfaction in life. Positive psychology put an end to that. Now, we have many studies to define well-being, happiness, and prove how important happiness is to our lives.Here are some interesting facts you may not know about the connection between health and happiness:

  1. Happiness is linked to lower heart rate and blood pressure, as well as healthier heart rate variability.
  2. Happier people are less likely to get sick.
  3. People who are happier are more stress resilient and their bodies produce less of the stress hormone cortisol.
  4. Happy people experience fewer aches and pains.
  5. Happiness in general protects against disease.
  6. Those who are happiest tend to live significantly longer than those who are not.

Now that you are more aware of the important role happiness plays, let’s get to the question of what it actually is.

What is Happiness? Scientists explained

Most scientists agree that happiness is an ability to lead a pleasant, meaningful life and consists of two core elements that are in balance: hedonia and eudonia.

The term “hedonic”, comes from Greek and means “sweet”, which shows the relation to or characterization by pleasure (Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1989, p. 561). It may seem obvious, but human beings tend to gravitate towards pleasure and avoid pain. The hedonic experiences are linked to that very principle, especially as psychologists continue to explore it.

Roughly speaking, hedonic experiences are the ones that bring us positive emotions (pleasure and joy). Whenever we satisfy a physical need, feel carefree and optimistic, build a relationship with a significant other and feel free to be ourselves, we experience hedonic satisfaction and therefore bring ourselves one step closer to being generally happy.

A person who is having enough of hedonic experiences in life is able to actually enjoy its best qualities. They are able to act spontaneously and playful, feel the freedom of expressing their sexuality, enjoy being in the moment of “here and now”, pay attention to their physical and mental health so they are able to take care of themselves. So if you need a short-term boost of positive emotions, think of something that would bring you pleasure and do it.

Happiness as a meaning in life

The term “eudonia” was popularized by Aristotle in the 4th century BCE. He argued that a good life should be defined as eudaimonia, an action in accordance with virtue and reason. Living a meaningful life according to your values and mission, helping those around you, and feeling connected to them – that is what eudonia is about.

Here are some experiences that scientists agree have an eudonic character:

  • Experience of meaning
  • Elevation
  • Feeling integrated
  • Personal expressiveness
  • Feeling of accomplishment
  • Feeling of engagement

 

As you can imagine, people who try to fill their life with meaning and live according to an eudonic concept push themselves in personal growth, maturity, and sophistication. They are achieving competence in what they do and find their authentic self. Doesn’t it sound wonderful?

Three Pathways To Happiness

What should we do to get happy? The most popular and one of the most research-based theories of Dr. Seligman (2002) notes that there are three pathways to happiness:

Pleasure

All the hedonic experiences that we discussed before belong exactly here. Experiencing positive emotions and being able to enjoy your life was proven to affect the level of well-being even in the long-term perspective. So, if you feel like it, have a warm bath or treat yourself to a short walk in the park. Enjoy an evening with friends and loved ones and do something pleasant for yourself.

Creating a self-care routine could be the first step to a more pleasant and full life, if you need any tips or self-care ideas, take a look at our free Self-Care During Pandemic Guide.

Engagement

In order to understand how we can influence the level of engagement in our lives, we should talk about one more psychological concept that describes what “engagement” in this case means. The state of “flow”.

Theoretically, any action could bring us in the state of flow if these criteria are met:

  • You are completely concentrated on the task.
  • You know your goals and have a reward in mind for when you achieve them.
  • The experience is intrinsically rewarding.
  • The task allows you to act effortlessly and be at ease.
  • There is a balance between challenge and skills.
  • You are consciously aware of your actions and do them with awareness.
  • You feel like you have control over the task.

The experience of flow is a key aspect of eudaimonia in an individual, so it is crucial to learn to achieve the flow state if you want to increase your general happiness.

There Are Two Things You Could Do To Learn To Achieve Flow State:

Practice Meditation

You might think meditation is about emptying your mind or becoming a different person; however, it’s about learning to observe our thoughts and emotions to achieve greater clarity into our subconscious.

Not only does meditation have an incredible amount of benefits for physical and mental health (about which you can read in our other article), but it also promotes states of ease and awareness that are crucial for achieving the state of flow.

Practice Mindfulness

Mindfulness leads to conscious awareness that frees us from limiting ourselves and allows us to be more positive, compassionate, and understanding of ourselves and others. This kind of awareness is crucial for getting into the flow.

Meaning

The final pathway suggested by Seligman is to pursue happiness through meaning. We want to feel fulfilled in our everyday lives. Understanding our purpose and what we bring to the table is a huge part of feeling fulfilled.

We achieve meaning in life when we are able to set significant and purposeful goals and dedicate our lives to achieving them but not only.

There is a reason why so many people rely on religion and spirituality. These practices instill meaning in people’s lives, and promote positive behaviors. Answering to a ‘higher power’ provides moral guidance and something to hold you accountable.

It is proven that making others happy and showing kindness makes us perceive our life as more meaningful and happy. This is known as “prosocial behavior” and is the belief that when you do something kind for someone, it increases your overall happiness.

Building healthy relationships is more important than earning a lot of money. Humans are inherently very social creatures, so our personal connections are very important to us. Some experts would even suggest that having healthy, positive relationships with others is another way to happiness and gives us a greater sense of meaning in our lives. The danger is focusing too much on our own individualism. Our very instincts are to create bonds and depend on other human beings, so being fully independent and isolating yourself goes against your very nature. So, making sure that you have strong, healthy bonds with others is particularly important to basic happiness.

Of course, it is not always easy to understand what your values and long-term goals are. Luckily, we live in the time when a meaningful conversation with a life-coach or a therapist can provide us with everything we need to understand ourselves, set achievable goals, and make a first step on the way to living a happy, full life.

Take-Home Message

Our happiness comes from many factors and sources. There is continued research on the topic to find out what brings us the most joy and how to continue to make it a higher priority in our lives. The most important element to keep in mind, however, is that our happiness comes from one another through how we act, share, and interact with others. Yes, there are things that make us happy individually, but sharing happiness with one another and drawing from other people is the most important way.

So don’t hesitate to make your first steps towards being happy: practice mindfulness and awareness, and be kind to others. Treat yourself with something that makes you feel satisfied, cultivate happy relationships with those around you and most importantly, take time to self-reflect, set your goals and find your purpose in life.

References

  1. Trait positive affect and antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination. Anna L.Marsland, Sheldon Cohen, Bruce S.Rabin, Stephen B.Manuck. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, Volume 20, May 2017. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2005.08.009
  2. Positive affect and biological function in everyday life. Andrew Steptoe, Jane Wardle. Neurobiology of Aging 26S (2005) S108–S112 doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.016
  3. Trait and state positive affect and cardiovascular recovery from experimental academic stress. Ilona Papousek, Karin Nauschnegg, Manuela Paechter, Helmut K.Lackner, Nandu Goswami, Günter Schulter. Biological Psychology. February 2010
    doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.008
  4. Are Happy People Healthier? The Specific Role of Positive Affect in Predicting Self-Reported Health Symptoms. Jeremy W.Pettit, John P. Kline,Tulin Gencoz, Faruk Gencoz, Thomas E.Joiner Jr. Journal of Research in Personality. December 2001
    doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2001.2327
  5. Positive Emotions in Early Life and Longevity: Findings from the Nun Study. Deborah D. Danner, David A. Snowdon, and Wallace V. Friesen University of Kentucky
  6. Pursuing eudaimonia versus hedonia: Distinctions, similarities, and relationships. Huta, V. (2013). In A. S. Waterman (Ed.), The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia (pp. 139-158). Washington, DC: APA Books.
  7. Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives. Huta, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 735-762.
  8. Hedonia, eudaimonia, well-being: an introduction. Deci, Edward L. and Ryan, Richard M. Journal of Happiness Studies. January 2008
  9. Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasing fulfillment. Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). New York: Free Press.
  10. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Ryff, C.D. (1989). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.
  11. Who is happy? Myers, D.G., & Diener, E. (1995).  Psychological Science, 6, 10–19.
  12. Pursuit of pleasure, engagement, and meaning: Relationships to subjective and objective measures of Well-being. Stephen M. Schueller & Martin E.P. Seligman. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
  13. The structure of subjective well-being. Schimmack, U. (2008).  In M. Eid & R.J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 97–123). New York: Guilford Press.
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